Which military discharge is considered punitive and has adverse effects?

A Dishonorable Discharge is the type of military discharge that is considered punitive and has significant adverse effects on a service member's future. This discharge is issued as a result of serious misconduct, such as felony conviction or gross violation of military regulations. The consequences of a Dishonorable Discharge can be severe, impacting various aspects of a person's life, including eligibility for veterans' benefits, the ability to find employment, and the right to possess firearms.

In contrast, a General Discharge under Honorable Conditions, Other than Honorable Discharge, and Honorable Discharge are not considered punitive. While a General Discharge under Honorable Conditions may indicate some shortfalls in conduct or performance, it is not a punitive classification. An Other than Honorable Discharge may involve instances of misconduct, but it typically does not carry the same stigma and long-term repercussions as a Dishonorable Discharge. An Honorable Discharge, as the name suggests, reflects exemplary service and does not carry any negative implications. Thus, the Dishonorable Discharge is clearly identified as the most detrimental type of discharge due to its punitive nature.